about by capiteliam hes, for the first time in history, brought all
ef humanity within the comprehension of 4 single system, the world
market.
Human praxis met now become comensurnte to the reality of the eltuation
it finds itaelf ing It was for this reasun that Marx stressed the
necessity for the transcending of naticnal beunderies and the need
fer a universal approprietien of: the neans- of predictions -From the
need to achieve thie flows the need to brild a spol truly, universal
in scope, consisting of nothing leew than the international working
clase, whose purpose is the achievement of a world — ocmmurd am,
and where praxis must be comensurate with that purpose. The instrument
ef this revolution, the revolutionsry party, must therefore be an
International, a world party of the Entermaticnal, unified in praxis,
Never before has it been so plain as it is today, that the poll tice
and ecuncay of capdtalien, ite markets, ite crises, its wara — all
have en international character, And just as socieliem cannot be
realised in one coumtry without world revolutinm, so no revolutionary
national grouping tan develop completely wlthout a.world party, The
world historical character of eventa today meane that the correct
analysis of the world situation 1s more gomplex than ever before,
hie analysis camot be developed abstractly in «a single head. Ouch
would be sheer idealiem, Only analysis of the world situation, cone tant-
ly re-examined and tested in the light of prectioal ection can enable.
all the sectors of a world wide movement to feel the pulee of history
in the making, Only an International based on demperatio aentrian, ..:
permitting different tend’ neles.tm confront aach other demooratioalip,..
while uniting theln in action, can allew experiences from 111 corners of
the world to become properly welghed and translated into revolutionary
tasks on a world scale, A nationally based gtouping cannot ar,liva
at a correct analysia or action, only universal praxis will suffice.
"That is involved is the constructiun of something qualitatively differ-
ent from the mere sum of national organisations. Ty pooling national
experience and opinion in accordance with the rules of democretic cent—
sg it ie possible th build an international leadership, much superior
to anything within the capacity of a single section, The basic oonoept
4a not thet of assembling « staff of intellectuals, hovever veluable and necessary this is, but of combining on an international scale leadershipe that sre deeply rected in their own national acil and connected in a living way with the masees of their own country. 4m international leadership of thet kind ds capable of performing the difficult dual task of keeping theory up to date and of working out viable policies of revolutionary attion on the great world issues of the day.'
(Seventh World Congreas of the Fourth International).
Such an “nternational canno t at all be a mere association of national parties heving independent programmes, held together merely by loose tiea, an association of 'federative!t or polycentrist' character. Still lese with a mere "feeling of solidarity'with other oppressed pecples engaged in atruggle dco, ‘There must be a common international programme on the basis of which the national sections develop answers to the particular problems of their country, ‘Their experience is then fed back into the international organisations The only poselbility of developing revolutionary cadres with # cerrect analysia and en international outlook and practi°s, Mies in their being ‘i part and parcel of = living international, demooratic in orgenisation, and é unified in action. For not a single minute during hie political work should auch a revolutionary forget that what he ie doing 1s essentially one with hie comredes all over the world, with whom he shares = common purpose and Praxis. How do we atend today on the question of the international? The Second International ia nothing bet a joke. The Third Internaticnal waa served up as a burnt offering to his imperialist allies by Stalin, during the war. ind, of course nothing so sinister locking ss an international must be allowed to diaturb peaceful co-existence with capitaliam and imperialisn. Only the Fourth International, founded by leon Trotaky, atrives to build a © volutionary International, The abdication from this task by the traditional social demooratio and etalinist parties has had catastrophic results for the workers' movement, We reoently suffered the spectacle of Anthony Greenwoed, star of the soclal democratic left, gessing schoolchildren in Bahrein on behalf of an sutooracy frightful even by the standards of that area, Within weeks of the slaughter of a million workers end peasanta of Indonesia, Mishsel Stewart waa first ashore shaking the bloody hands of the butehers and promising them every assistance, Hardly a voloe was raised in the labour Movement - so deep ] going is. the demobilisation of ooeciousness on the question, It 1a no aceddent that the Government's domestic policy de equally clsee oollaborat-
With the stalinist parties fhe situation ia no better, The perniolous theory of soolaliem in cone country with the resulting conversion of the Csoommist Parties into instruments of Soviet diplomacy , has developed into a diffuse polycentrism = every party ite ow way to socialiam and to hell with the reat of the world, Hesent eplecdes in the long hiatory off Er@lin treason to internationalism were the sabotage of the Chinese economy by the withdrawl without notice of technicians and plans, the emming of Indie ageinst Chins and now the «ranting of 7 100M to the military regime in Brasil, « repressive regime which represents the high peak’ of counter revolutionary conse idation in South Amerion, This lest shows the complete lack of any living link
_— ~s
The Chinese C.P,, inspite of ite revolutionery phraseology, ia equally sunk in Chauvyinien and oppertuntanm stemmlug frem ite leck of any idea of Indernatjensalism, The way they rushed in to recogniese the counter revolutionary aoup dtetat in Alege ria in hopes of gaining factional advantage over the Russians if the proposed conference was staged there, shocked even neo= colonialist African states. There is their collusion with the military dietatorohip in Pakicten, Then there ia their oricinal allence over the opportunist policies of their Indonesian frends, whith continues even though the lessons of the subsequent rain need driving home to the world moarenent, However, i+ would be a miatake to think of these eplaodes as mere aberrations Which may easily be corrected, These anti internstionsaliat attitwies heave deap social roote in authoritarian structures concerned with conserving the power and priviledge of a parochial buresuerasy, This wae why Troteky decided to atert agein, to build « new international dedicated to breaking the grip of sonial democratic and stalinist bureaucracies on the workers! movement, The Fourth Intermationeal hes assembled the nucla,a of such & world party. It hes seation# in 40 ooumtries, Firllt on democratic. centralist lines it has reguler Conferences , at which minority platforms are put forward and properly disoussed,. [te nationeal seotiona pertiocipate actively in the organisations of the workers in their country, Greatly stregthened by the recent reunifiomtion Congressa, from which only the parochicl teni,neles of the sectarian Hésly and Posadsas atood apart, the Fourth Internetional is striving to construct the leadership snd develop the praxis, needed by the working class to overcome capltealisn, "WOREERS OF ALL COUNTRISS UNITEL! én old slogen but never more relevant,
MALCOLM X On Afro-imerionn History. On the occasion of Negro History Week in the Unitad States, tha International Socialist Review devetes a speciol-deeus to the hitherte unpublished speech by Maloolm 2 om Adro=Amerigan history. The spaech has bein transéribed from 9 tepe resordins nade on) Janucry 24th, 1965 at the Audwhon Ballroom in New York just . few weeka before hia assassination. The fighenim A’ apeecsh-is published sith-an-introcuetion-by George Brijtman, editor of the bork Maloolo KX. Speake and author of thea new work The Last Year of Maleolm x: The Ivolwtion of ao Feveluticneary. 2/6 Plus 6d postage per sincle copy -+ for one year, six lasues ~-15/ 6d. Cosh with all orderar Pioneer Bookservice, 8, Toynbee St., Londons Bal.